Il carattere peculiare di quello che Hugo Chávez chiamava il processo Bolivariano sta nell’aver capito che la trasformazione sociale può essere costruita nei due sensi, “dall’alto” e “dal basso”.

The particular character of what Hugo Chávez called the Bolivarian process lies in the understanding that social transformation can be constructed from two directions, “from above” and “from below.” Bolivarianism—or Chavismo—includes among its participants both traditional organizations and new autonomous groups; it encompasses both state-centric and anti-systemic currents.

Sozialpolitik ist in allen Ländern der Welt einerseits eine Chance für die politisch und wirtschaftlich Benachteiligten - vor allem in den armen Staaten des Südens -, andererseits eine der Ursachen für explodierende Staatshaushalte. Gerade dieser Zwiespalt macht einen Überblick über die Sozialpolitiken der Welt so interessant.

Richard Müller. The Man behind the November Revolution is the title of the
seventh volume of the hardcover book series History of Communism and Leftist
Socialism, edited by Berlin-based Dietz publishers. But who was Richard
Müller? Never heard of him? Today widely unknown, Müller was the leader of
the so-called Revolutionary Shop Stewards in the early twentieth century in
Germany. “From 1916 to 1921, Müller was without any doubt among the
politically most influential personalities in the German labor movement” (216).